Frog Dissection Lab Exam Review

You will need to identify the following anatomical features on the frog for the lab exam:

• cloaca

• egg mass

• eustachian tube openings

• external nares

• fat bodies

• gallbladder

• glottis

• heart

• kidney

• large intestine

• liver

• lung

• maxillary teeth

• oviduct

• small intestine

• stomach

• tongue

• tympanic membrane (or tympanum)

• vomerine teeth

You will need to identify the following muscles on the frog for the lab exam:

• achilles' tendon

• biceps femoris

• external oblique

• gastrocnemius

• latissimus dorsi

• linea alba

• longissimus dorsi

• mylohoid

• pectoralis major

• rectus abdominus

• temporal

• triceps femoris

You will have to describe the functions of the following internal organs:

• large intestine

• liver

• kidneys

• small intestine

• spleen

Be able to answer these types of questions: (some of these will be answered by reviewing your notes)

1. What is the scientific name of the American Bullfrog?

2. What is a tadpole?

3. What type of environment does a tadpole live in?

4. What adaptations help the tadpole live in its environment?

5. What are the major changes that occur in the tadpole as it transforms into the adult frog?

6. What is the name given for these sets of changes?

7. Describe two methods for determining the sex of the frog based on external observations only.

8. Explain why there might be more fat bodies in a frog that is caught in September in SD than a frog that is caught in March or April.  Describe the function of the fat bodies based on this scenario.

9. Identify a specific animal that has a two chambered heart.

10. Identify a specific animal that has a three chambered heart.

11. Identify a specific animal that has a four chambered heart.

12. Identify the Kingdom, phylum, class, and order names of the American Bullfrog.

13. Describe the function of the vomerine and maxillary teeth of the frog.

14. Explain why female frogs lay thousands of eggs at one time.

15. Identify the different forms of neoteny and examples of amphibians that may undergo these types of metamorphic changes.

16. Identify the significance of the hormone thyroxin for amphibian metamorphosis.

17. Explain how environmental factors can affect amphibian metamorphosis.

• Besides the identifying items on the lab exam, there will be 23 questions which you will have to answer.

• These questions will be matching, short answer, fill-in-the-blank, multiple choice, and true/false questions.

• The lab exam will be worth 300 points.